Should there be subspecialty certification in spine surgery ?

行脊椎手术是否需要附属专业证明？

Although most physicians do not have specialized formal training in ophthalmology , most common ocular conditions can be effectively diagnosed and managed by non-ophthalmologists without the use of subspecialty equipment .

尽管许多内科医生未经正式的眼科专业培训，但是对于大多数常见的眼部症状而言，即使是非眼科医师在不使用专业仪器的前提下也能作出诊断和处理。