Stipules semiamplexicaul to lateral , less frequently fully amplexicaul .

托叶半抱茎到横向，较不经常完全抱茎。

Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile , neither auriculate nor amplexicaul , sometimes absent .

具叶柄的茎生叶或者无柄，两者都不耳形也不抱茎，有时无。

Leaves basally deeply cordate , amplexicaul ; racemes usually terminal .

叶基部深心形，抱茎；总状花序通常顶生。

Upper cauline leaves sessile , base minutely auriculate , amplexicaul , or deeply cordate .

无柄的上面茎生叶，基部微小的，抱茎，或者深心形。

Leaves rosulate , amplexicaul , thick , succulent , always glabrous , margin mostly hard dentate or spiny , apex sharply pointed .

叶莲座状，抱茎的，厚，肉质的，总是无毛，边缘多数硬具牙齿或具刺的，先端锐尖的。