But the roots of this problem go far deeper than an isolated case of ghostwriting .

但是这个问题不仅仅是一个独立的代写事件，其根源有更深层次的原因。

What are you thinking , ghostwriting for a thug ?

你怎么想到替一个流氓写自传?

Perhaps surprisingly to the casual observer , under guidelines tightened up in recent years by the international committee of journal editors ( icmje ) , crown 's approach , typical among pharmaceutical companies , does not constitute ghostwriting .

在制药公司里crown所述的方法是非常典型的，也许旁观者会惊讶的认为，有国际期刊编委会（icmje）近些年来的强力约束，该流程中不存在“代笔”。