1. 过剩;剩余;过剩量;剩余额
    If there is a surplus of something, there is more than is needed.

    e.g. Germany suffers from a surplus of teachers.
           德国遭遇了教师过剩的问题。

2. 过剩的;剩余的;多余的
    Surplus is used to describe something that is extra or that is more than is needed.

    e.g. Few people have large sums of surplus cash...
           几乎没人手头很富裕。
    e.g. I sell my surplus birds to a local pet shop...
           我把多余的鸟卖给当地的宠物商店。

3. (贸易)顺差
    If a country has a trade surplus, it exports more than it imports.

    e.g. Japan's annual trade surplus is in the region of 100 billion dollars.
           日本每年的贸易顺差额在 1,000 亿美元左右。

4. (预算)盈余
    If a government has a budget surplus, it has spent less than it received in taxes.

surplus

    e.g. Norway's budget surplus has fallen from 5.9% in 1986 to an expected 0.1% this year.
           挪威的预算盈余已经从 1986 年的 5.9%降至今年预计的 0.1%。